Instructional Design is a systematic design process developed as an effective way of creating instruction. Several models have been thoroughly researched and developed. One of the most prevalent is the ADDIE model, which is devised of a set of components that include the processes of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. A maintenance or management phase is also important throughout instructional life cycle. These steps function together in achieving a systematic approach to creating, evaluating, and maintaining instruction.

The analysis phase is where the instructional need is really uncovered and a determination is made as to what will actually be taught. The design and development phase includes the creation of the learning content and insures that the goals and learning objectives are being met. Implementation is where the actual instructional program or intervention is put to use, while evaluation — both formative and summative is where the effectiveness of the instruction is measured.

In reality however, the ISD process is a roadmap developed to provide a systematic vision.

The ISD process should be viewed as a nonlinear method that entails a systematic procedure. That is, certain steps should be completed prior to moving on to the next step. Otherwise, “There are dangers in the concurrency model” (Smith & Ragan 1999). Although certain ADDIE-M steps may likely be revisited at various times throughout a projects development, a complete analysis should be conducted in order to ascertain an actual need for the instruction while assuring a solid foundation.

Reference: Smith P.L., Ragan T.J., (1999). Instructional Design (2nd ed.) N.Y., NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.